Kaplan turbine and francis turbine pdfcomponents, working. Comparing set of variable design and operating point with the basic francis turbine design, the performance improvement was demonstrated 12. We use cookies to make interactions with our website easy and. The runner is completely enclosed that is it is air tight. The features of francis turbine is simple structure and reliable operation. Abstract the aim for turbine design is to increase the efficiency and avoid cavitation and fractures during operation. Another purpose of the lab is to check turbine scaling laws. Analyzing mathematical and software methods for selecting and. The francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b.
Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. The turbine powered generator power output generally ranges from 10 to 750 megawatts. Explain the significance of specific speed to turbine selection. With decades of continuous optimization based on the latest hydrodynamic research, well over half the turbines manufactured by voith hydro are of the francis type. Our francis turbines, including the worlds largest and most powerful. In 1870 professor fink introduced an important improvement in francis turbine byygg gp g making the guide vanes turning on a pivot in order to regulate the flow discharge. L argesized francis turbine s are commonly used at hydraulic head range of 20700m. Francis turbine is a radial inward flow reaction turbine. Introduction a turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. Runner and along with diffuser absorb water water energy transforming it into rotation. Francis turbines are the most commonly used hydro turbines.
It could be divided into vertical and horizontal arrangement. Design, performance and maintenance of francis turbines. Francis turbines are probably used most extensively because of their wider range of suitable heads, characteristically from three to 600 metres. This watertight bulb is submerged inside the water and bends at inlet to casing, draft tube etc. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Francis turbine runner the test case corresponds to a medium specific speed francis turbine with dimensionless specific speed. In francis turbine water flow is radial into the turbine and exits the turbine axially. Vertical horizontal francis turbine generator unit, high. Application of variable speed operation on francis turbines. They are often used in large hydroelectric dam systems.
Water pressure decreases as it passes through the turbine imparting reaction on the turbine blades making the turbine rotate. Francis turbine is the first hydraulic turbine with radial inflow. The francis turbine is the most commonly used turbine today to generate hydroelectricity. Apr 25, 2016 learn the basics of francis turbine, and the basic mathematical concepts regarding francis turbine. Mixed hydro turbine has radical inflow into runner, axle outflow from runner, which is referred to as francis hydro turbine. The rated head and discharge for the turbine were 48 m and 7. The main purpose of this lab is to measure the power output of a francis turbine and to compare this to the theoretical power output. Ruud engineer, applied mathematics and mechanics section technical engineering analysis branch commissioners office, denver, colorado technical information branch denver federal center denver, colorado. In this type of turbine at inlet is in the form of both kinetic as well as pressure energy. Types of francis hydro turbine water turbine genrator. Figure 1a shows the francis turbine cross view with parameters from table 1 while the threedimensional francis runner is presented in. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 4. Characteristics of francis turbine they operate in a water head from 10 to 650 meters 33 to 2,3 feet. A case study of the fluid structure interaction of a francis.
The francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine which was designed and developed by the american engineer james b. Water flows though a spiral case with decreasing section to enter radial the turbine runner. The cfd approach for prediction of efficiency of a 3 mw capacity horizontal axis francis turbine is presented. Since in this example only one turbine data is examined the transferability of results has to be considered. Practical application of highperformance francis turbine runner fitted with splitter blades at ontake and shinkurobegawa no. A reaction turbine doesnt change the direction of the fluid flow as drastically as an impulse.
Francis turbine working, power and efficiency youtube. However, it shows the typical trend of efficiency of francis turbines for varying heads. For generation of electricity in thermal power plants, steam turbines are used coal fuel oil or nuclear power provides the primary source of energy. In this lesson, i will discuss the parts, working, efficiency, advantages, disadvantages of a francis turbine, and also give you the pdf. Francis turbine compact structure, high efficiency, can be suitable for a wide range of head, it is one of the turbine models currently used in the world. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow.
From the beginning, francis turbine development has always been synonymous with voith. In a reaction turbine, the blades sit in a much larger volume of fluid and turn around as the fluid flows past them. In 1890 american engineer pelton developed impulse turbine, named pelton turbine. It was designed by american scientist james francis. Francis turbine is one of the most widely used turbine s. At the highhead range, the flow rate and the output must be large. Penstock input pipes diameters are between 1 and 10 meters 3 and 33 feet. A brief discussion on a the design philosophy during the last 60 years with will be presented. Therefore, in this article, we can discuss both the kaplan turbine and reaction turbine so that we can complete the session of hydraulic turbines.
Turbines are used in boat propulsion systems, hydroelectric power generators, and jet aircraft engines. Hydrotinck supplies two basic types of francis turbines, vertical and horizontal, both with spiral casing. Pump as turbine 18 centrifugal pumps may be used as turbines. Parametrical and theoretical design of a francis turbine runner with the help of computational fluid dynamics ayancik, fatma, celebioglu, kutay and aradag, selin author for correspondence department of mechanical engineering, tobb university of economics and technology, sogutozu avenue 43, sogutozu, ankara, 06560, turkey. The computational model consists of spiral casing, 18 numbers of stay vanes and guide vanes, runner having numbers of blades and a draft tube. Jul 24, 20 working of francis turbine is explained in this video in a step by step logical manner, with help of animation. Pdf assembly design of francis turbine from maintenance.
Designed for heads from 20 m to 400 m, hpp francis runners can achieve more than 94% efficiency. Practical application of highperformance francisturbine. Turbine power depends on the flow and direction of water flow on the impeller blades. Francis turbine operating in sedimentladen river projects, the frequency of repair and maintenance of underwater parts are comparatively high, resulting increase the. Pdf a case study of the fluid structure interaction of a. Reaction turbine blading and conditions figure 3 shows, at the top, the end view of four stages of fixed and moving blades of an. This has the advantage of centrifugal forces acting against the flow, thus reducing the tendency of the turbine to over speed. Pdf the francis turbine runners of the grimsel 2 pump storage power plant showed repeatedly cracks during the last decade. Hydraulic turbineshydraulic turbines raven mechanical.
Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. Francis turbines are best suited for medium heads, say 40m. As a first in japan, two splitterbladefitted runners were installed in the francis turbines at the ontake power station of the kansai. Pdf examples losses in francis turbines npsh main dimensions find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Increase area of water exit, increase whirling action, suit for. If an impulse turbine is a bit like kicking soccer balls, a reaction turbine is more like swimmingin. Francis turbine is widely used world operates under the head over. Some manufacturers have tested their pumps as turbines. Set the brake at some level and measure the brake load using. Francis turbine housing is filled with water, which means that all the impeller blades work the same force.
No direct correlation between pump characteristics and turbine characteristics. Francis turbine have the advantage of high efficiency, small size and reliable structure. The francis turbine is a versatile turbine that can be built with either a horizontal or vertical axis and can be used in many different hydraulic head heights and water flow levels. The examined francis turbine is used in a highhead hydropower plant, where distinctive changes of water head are less common. Explain the general principles of pelton wheels kaplan turbines francis turbine construct blade vector diagrams for moving vanes for a pelton wheels and a francis turbine deduce formulae for power and efficiency for turbines. Examples losses in francis turbines npsh main dimensions. Francis turbine is a kind of turbine suit to water head 20300meters and with certain suitable flow. Francis in 1849 developed the radial turbine, named francis turbine. Losses in francis turbines npsh main dimensions francis turbines.
1306 720 1496 1275 1308 790 163 1377 805 52 208 514 1352 911 1106 5 30 1268 872 1475 554 490 656 611 386 1314 576 138 647 699 875